Clinical Outcomes

Brandon Johnson was close to giving up on his dream of becoming an X-ray technician.

Born with sickle cell disease, a genetic blood disorder that primarily affects African-Americans, the 35-year-old Southern California man was forced to drop out of school for semesters at a time.

But thanks to the sickle cell care team at the Inglewood Medical Offices, Johnson is now on medication that reduces complications. Last fall, he was able to complete his studies, and he has started looking for a radiology job.

“They got me on a plan to keep me out of the hospital,” says Johnson, who drives 60 miles one way from his Riverside home to see his doctor in Inglewood, even though other providers are closer. “If I didn’t have my health, I wouldn’t be where I am today.”

Johnson’s success is not uncommon for the Level 5 unit-based team, a group of physicians, managers and employees that provides personalized care for nearly 500 sickle cell patients in Southern California. About 300 of the region’s adult patients are treated directly by the team. Its approach is working—only five of the 300 needed frequent hospitalization and emergency care in the past year.

“Our goal is to keep sickle cell patients out of the hospital by giving them the care they need,” says Pippa Stewart, Inglewood’s department administrator.

Stigmatized as drug addicts

Nationwide, about 70,000 people have sickle cell disease, which can cause chronic anemia, acute pain, infections and stroke. Although most are African-American, the disease also affects people of Indian, Middle Eastern, Hispanic and Mediterranean heritage. Patients often get stigmatized as drug addicts when they ask for narcotics to deal with their pain.

The current UBT grew out of a team that was established in 1999; before that, there was no comprehensive treatment program for KP’s sickle cell patients.

“Ninety percent of patients were getting their primary care in the emergency room,” says Shirley Brown, RN, a UNAC/UHCP member and the team’s care manager. Patients saw as many as 17 doctors as they went from appointment to appointment.

Now, the 12-member UBT—which includes four physicians, two registered nurses, a physician assistant, a pharmacist and a social worker—helps patients control symptoms by offering pain management care, providing resources such as a case manager, and urging them to keep appointments, which help minimize visits to the emergency room and hospital.

Team members coordinate with and help train the KP providers who care for the region’s remaining 200 patients. Last fall, Brown helped lead a session for 70 registered nurses from around the region. Osbourne Blake, MD, an internist and the team’s lead physician, provides regular updates to fellow physicians. “We’re trying to get everyone on the same page,” says Dr. Blake. A recent test of change focused on reducing the number of patients who miss appointments. For three months, Brown and a co-worker called patients every day to remind them about upcoming visits. The calls helped. The team’s “no-show appointment” rate dropped from 20 percent in May 2015 to 14 percent in August 2015.

Dramatic improvement

“They all know you personally,” says Ryan Hull, a 27-year-old TV production assistant and film student. A few short years ago, he suffered frequent crises that required immediate medical attention. After he and his physician co-created a pain management program, his health improved dramatically.

“They did everything they could to find out what regimen works for me,” Hull says of staff members, who greet him by first name and offer walk-in appointments to accommodate his sometimes unpredictable schedule. “They figured out the perfect way to treat me.”

“The idea came from our manager, when one of our young, alert patients fell and got an injury. We were all upset,” says Jenalyn Andres, RN, one of the union co-leads for her department’s UBT.

That incident spurred nurses on the 4 East-Malama West unit-based team at Moanalua Medical Center in Hawaii to set a goal to cut the number of falls in half within 12 months—from 18 in 2013 to nine or fewer by the end of 2014. The team exceeded its goal and had only six patient falls in 2014.

Steps to success

Team members adopted the No One Walks Alone falls prevention program, pioneered at the San Diego Medical Center, to help them reach their goal. The team set up a standard process to ensure success. Some of the elements of the plan included:

• checking that all bed alarms are on at the start of shift and during the shift
• having alarm pads for chairs readily available in rooms, ready for patients who get out of bed and into a chair
• placing nonskid socks on patients’ feet
• positioning call lights within reach
• using walkers to help patients become mobile

Andres, a member of Hawaii Nurses Association, OPEIU Local 50, says the team educated patients and families by sharing literature with them that included tips on preventing falls and information about the No One Walks Alone protocol. The protocol starts with the assumption that all patients are fall risks, instead of nurses trying to identify which patients are at risk. Patients are accompanied every time they get up, especially to and from the bathroom, which is when most falls occur.

Troubleshooting “hot spots”

As part of the team’s process improvement, it identified “hot spots”—things that could happen that could prevent success. For example, the team quickly discovered that it had different types of patient beds on the unit, with different bed alarms. Some of those alarms weren’t wired into the nurse call system, so staff members had to follow the sound of the alarm to figure out which patient needed assistance—which meant it took longer to get to the patient.

The UBT worked to get the issue fixed, and as a result, “a project was opened with facility maintenance and beds have been switched to a universal cord, which resolves the problem,” says Manlee Velasco, the unit’s manager and management co-lead. “In the few cases where the cord wasn’t compatible, new beds have been ordered.”

The team has had five falls so far this year, which came before the cord issue was resolved. 

Spreading a successful practice

The overall success of the prototcol has been noticed by other teams and “all of the inpatient units at the Moanalua Medical Center are now using the program," says Kim Lu, RN, the 4-East unit’s other UBT union co-lead and also a Hawaii Nurses Association member. 

The practice is a great example of spread for another reason: The “No One Walks Alone” slogan and program was created by a San Diego Medical Center UBT in Southern California that was involved in a Joint Commission pilot in 2012.