LMP Processes

Patient transportation workers at Sunnyside Medical Center in Portland were in a tough spot: No matter how hard they scrambled, they were constantly running late to pick up patients. 

Some of the challenges were clear. The transport workers, members of SEIU Local 49, are qualified to backfill certified nursing assistant positions—and short-staffed nursing units were calling on them to do just that. 

In addition, a new computer-based dispatch system had automated patient transfer requests but required fewer dispatchers. The resulting staff upheaval, along with rumors about changes to their certification requirements, threw the unit-based team into turmoil. 

Delays and frustration

Amid frustration and mounting delays—the team was only infrequently meeting its goal of getting to the patient within 15 minutes—improvement advisor Lolita Burnette worked with the team to resolve its issues. To better understand its challenges, she created a process map of the team’s workflow. That turned up a variety of obstacles that were thwarting efforts to improve times. 

“Shadowing the team was an eye-opener. We discovered issues that were immediately actionable,” says Burnette. Because of the complexity of the situation, team members called for an issue resolution to identify solutions.

“My staff are really concerned about their patients. They had valid concerns about what was hindering our on-time performance,” says Marta Witsoe, the team’s management co-lead.

The issue resolution took place from July to September last year and helped further identify issues that were impacting on-time performance, as well as showing how delays affected imaging appointments and patient satisfaction.

As it tracked the source of delays, the team discovered that often, the patient was not ready to be moved when transporters arrived. The patient might need a different gown for imaging, or needed to take medications before being moved. Making matters worse, nurses and other staff members had gotten accustomed to transport arriving late and often put in orders ahead of time. But if the transport person arrived on time, the resulting delay had a domino effect, making it more difficult to be on time for subsequent transport requests.

New equipment, new hires

As a result of the issue resolution, the team is partnering with other units to become more efficient. Several improvements are being worked on simultaneously to increase productivity and overall satisfaction—and the team is confident the changes will lead to improved metrics. 

In perhaps the most significant change, hospital leadership agreed to hire additional transport staff. The new positions are dedicated to support the Emergency Department, a frequent source of patient transfer requests.

“With time and commitment,” says Esther Logan, the team’s union co-lead, “we agreed upon issues that needed to be addressed within the department.”

Olivia Devers, a labor partner with SEIU Local 49, added, “This IR process was the most positive that I have witnessed in many years—the team and management worked in true partnership from start to finish.”

Henry J. Kaiser, Kaiser Permanente’s co-founder, famously told fellow industrialist Warren Bechtel, “Problems are only opportunities in work clothes.”

If you work with unit-based teams—as a co-lead, consultant or sponsor—you might be rolling your eyes right now and thinking, “Well, if that’s true, I sure have a lot of ‘opportunities.’ Grrr!” 

When a team has problems, it’s difficult—if not impossible—to boldly improve service and quality for our health plan members. Especially if problems linger and fester, eroding trust and goodwill. These can depress morale and even endanger patients. 

Lucky for us, the leaders of Kaiser Permanente and the Coalition of Kaiser Permanente Unions had the moral imagination more than two decades ago to envision a better way to solve problems. Together, they formed what would become our Labor Management Partnership.

As we celebrate our partnership’s 20th anniversary this year, we can look back and see how we have built the tools, structures and culture that support this alternative vision of how workers and employers can interact.

One of those tools is issue resolution. As you will see in the stories that follow, this process bypasses more traditional forms of problem solving in favor of going deeper to really uncover the source of the difficulty. By doing that, union members, managers and physicians not only can preserve their working relationships, but also make them stronger. This, in turn, fosters innovation and improvement. 

Now that sounds like a great opportunity.

Kaiser Permanente and the Coalition of Kaiser Permanente Unions resolve most differences involving our Labor Management Partnership through interest-based problem solving or interest-based bargaining. 

But when the process bogs down, the 2015 National Agreement provides a way for managers, physicians, union leaders and frontline workers represented by a coalition union to move it forward: issue resolution. 

Section 1 of the National Agreement covers a number of topics: how the partnership operates, unit-based teams, and such programs as Total Health and Workplace Safety. The most common disputes encountered are covered by this section. A new issue resolution process, one of three related provisions in the agreement, covers such disputes.

The process starts at the level at which an issue arises; so, for example: 

• When disagreements arise at the facility level, the parties directly involved meet and use interest-based problem solving to try to resolve the issue themselves.
• If they cannot do that within 30 days, the issue may be referred to the local LMP Council.
• If there’s still no resolution, the next step is the Regional Council, and then national LMP leadership. Each body has 30 days to resolve the issue, using interest-based problem solving.
• If no solution can be reached, the question may be decided by a joint panel that includes a neutral designee.

This process is an alternative to, but does not replace, existing grievance procedures. It offers another approach to problem solving. 

“It’s easy for people to get dug into their own place on an issue,” says Denise Duncan, president of UNAC/UHCP. “Partnership and the National Agreement commit us to spending the time to figure out jointly how to resolve problems and do the work.”

When the leaders of Kaiser Permanente and the Coalition of Kaiser Permanente Unions shook hands on their Labor Management Partnership 20 years ago, they weren’t sure where it would take them. Today, it is the largest, longest-running partnership of its kind. It is also the most studied by university researchers.

A new book published by the Labor and Employment Relations Association (LERA) and Cornell University Press shows that the partnership remains a model for workplace innovation. “The Evolving Healthcare Landscape: How Employees, Organizations, and Institutions are Adapting and Innovating” devotes three chapters to LMP’s history, accomplishments and challenges.

Lessons for others

Adrienne Eaton and Rebecca Givan, professors at Rutgers University, and Peter Lazes, a director and researcher at The City University of New York, studied six health care partnerships, including LMP. They were struck by:

“…the extent to which unions have been proactive in driving [all] these efforts....Another development in health care partnerships has been a significant deepening of the role of labor relations staff in operational matters.

“It is [also] important to note that the cases described here have influenced one another because the key stakeholders have directly learned from each other....[For example,] union and management stakeholders in Los Angeles [Department of Health Services and SEIU Local 721] as well as union leaders from the University of Vermont Medical Center have looked to Kaiser for answers.”

Another chapter, by Jody Gittell of Brandeis University and KP Northwest staff members Joan Resnick, Sarah Lax and Eliana Temkin, reports on regional efforts to promote collaboration across work teams. KP was selected for the study in part for what the authors call its “record of leadership and innovation [including] in patient care delivery, health information systems and labor-management relations.” Several strategies, including “living room huddles”—an informal, building-wide get-together—and job shadowing across departments led to higher employee engagement and patient satisfaction scores.

An inside look

The chapter “Leading Change Together” by Jim Pruitt, vice president of labor relations for the Permanente Federation, and Paul Cohen, LMP senior business consultant, explains the conditions that gave rise to the partnership, the need to implement it consistently across the organization and the way it achieves results:

“By bringing together diverse points of view and providing a framework for joint problem solving, the Labor Management Partnership has helped Kaiser Permanente tackle difficult issues....The partnership formed because conditions demanded change. It has endured because it has achieved measurable results. And it continues to flex and grow because we follow a few key principles and practices [including] self-directed work teams, interest-based problem solving and honest conversations.”

All of which explains why outside experts continue to take an interest in the joint efforts of KP and the union coalition. Pruitt and Cohen quote Thomas Kochan, a professor at MIT's Sloan School of Management, who put it this way in a 2013 study:

“Kaiser Permanente is now one of the nation’s leaders in the use of frontline teams to improve health care delivery....The Labor Management Partnership continues to serve…as a model for health care delivery and improvement.”