Regional Leaders

The word “affordability” can be a lightning rod. Union members often think it is a code word for layoffs and cutbacks. They might question why it is suddenly up to them to sweat every paper towel and latex glove and wonder if higher-ups are pitching in. 

Managers might wonder how in the world they are supposed to squeeze more out of their already-tight department budgets. 

If everyone suits up for battle every time the word is mentioned, then progress on saving money becomes harder, if not impossible. 

Luckily, at Kaiser Permanente, our values create value. After all, Henry J. Kaiser and Dr. Sidney Garfield founded KP to be an affordable (there’s that word again), high-quality health plan for working families, with incentives to keep our members healthy (rather than profit when they got sick or injured). 

With the advent of the Labor Management Partnership 20 years ago, we cemented another core value: Listening to the voices of frontline workers, managers and physicians, who do the work and are closest to the patients. They know where the waste and inefficiencies are. And addressing inefficiencies goes hand in hand with improving care.

In 2005, the National Agreement negotiated by KP and the Coalition of Kaiser Permanente Unions further refined these values by laying the groundwork for unit-based teams. UBTs emphasize performance improvement and, more importantly, ensure everyone at every level of the organization has access to PI methods and tools so they can contribute. 

Read this issue of Hank, and make peace with “affordability”—confident that our values create value.

“The No. 1 reason for the success of our teams has been personal engagement,” says Alan Kroll, a primary care area administrator in Colorado who co-sponsors nine unit-based teams with his labor and physician partners. “Everyone needs to buy into the process to make partnership work.”

Building engagement and ensuring a consistent work experience have been goals of the Labor Management Partnership since the beginning. But, at the same time, there’s been a good deal of variation around these efforts from location to location across Kaiser Permanente, to the frustration of many managers, workers, and KP members and patients.

That’s why the 2015 National Agreement mandates partnership training for everyone, including the mid-level managers and union leaders who guide others. Early versions of the partnership training for mid-level leaders, which will be available this year, have gotten high marks from UBT sponsors and other leaders who have taken it. 

Consistency counts

The agreement calls for “a learning system that supports sustained behavior change, partnership and performance.” This includes joint training and refresher courses—delivered in-person
and/or online—to “achieve the same partnership and employment experience wherever one works in KP.” 

The new training for mid-level leaders will include segments on: interest-based problem solving examining the forces that support or undermine partnership core partnership behaviors and principles the strategic importance of the LMP 

Joint training is key 

The programs are designed to develop successful leaders who can model partnership and spread successful practices—and to ensure that the managers or union representatives helping teams have what they need to support those teams.

“It is very powerful for managers and union leaders to be in training together,” Kroll says. “It sends the message that everyone is important, and sets a foundation to work from when an issue gets stuck.”

The training served as a reminder that good partnership practices also are good leadership practices. 

“People want to hear from their leaders,” he says, and to “know what issues we are dealing with and that we can help remove obstacles.”

See the 2015 National Agreement, section 1.E, Education and Training (pages 31–33) for additional information.

When the Ridgeline Behavioral Health team members in Colorado decided to tackle outside medical costs, even they were surprised at how their small touch on a huge issue could result in such significant savings.

Team members identified two ways they thought they could have an impact—including finding out which of their patients were being seen frequently in the Emergency Department—while helping their patients get appropriate care. 

“We know from evidence-based medicine that if patients are seeking care in the Emergency Department for mental health issues, it’s unlikely to provide a long-term improvement in symptoms,” explains Amy Martin, manager of Ridgeline Behavioral Health. 

Team members began the project by researching which outside hospitals Kaiser Permanente prefers to have members and patients use. Armed with the new information, they created a flier explaining the options and shared it with the rest of the staff, who then shared it with patients. This way, when patients did access care, they were more likely to go to a facility that KP has a contract with and thus, cut costs.

The results were remarkable. The team’s patients’ visits to emergency departments decreased by 8.25 percent, which in turn reduced ED costs by 26 percent. The total impact for 2016: $1 million in soft-dollar savings. 

“My union members’ biggest passion is providing good service and high-quality care,” says Nate Bernstein, health care director of UFCW Local 7, which represents about 2,000 of Kaiser Permanente’s Colorado employees. “And we also know the company needs to be sustainable financially.”

But frontline staff can’t do it all on their own. Unit-based teams need leaders who share goals and strategy, helping them connect the dots between quality, service and affordability. 

Knowing the difference such information can make to frontline workers, KP Colorado Health Plan President Roland Lyon provides regular, in-person updates on membership numbers, service scores, financial results and more.

He emphasizes a few key business goals, and he provides a vision: “The best way to deliver affordable care is to deliver high-quality care.” 

Providing that high-quality, affordable care is everyone’s job, at every level. Local, regional and national KP leaders are, for example, revamping purchasing practices and taking advantage of tech innovations to keep a lid on the rising cost of care. In 2016, 4,800 UBT projects reduced expenses by more than $48 million, savings that help keep costs down for members. The sum may seem small in a $65 billion organization, but it speaks to a deeper commitment. 

Leading change

“Workers know where the challenges are,” Bernstein says, “and have led change over the years to improve the patient experience and reduce costs.”

The challenges often directly affect workers. Colorado saw an influx of new members in 2014 and again in 2016. The region still is growing, but a big chunk of the new members left after a year because of changing market dynamics as well as internal service, access and cost issues. 

“The ups and downs of membership growth create strains on our system—and it’s hard on ourteams,” Lyon acknowledges.

Lyon’s updates and other regional communications provide UBTs with information on the types of projects to take on to support Colorado’s strategy. To solve some of the access issues, for example, the region is making greater use of digitally enabled services, some of which were developed by frontline teams and some by leadership.

But success requires the know-how of the teams and, says Lyon, “engaged, enabled and empowered” team members to identify and remove barriers to service, pilot new approaches and help take waste out of the system.

The result is that UBTs in Colorado reduced waste or captured lost revenue to the tune of more than $9 million last year. And they’ve helped the region reduce its expense trend by nearly 1 percent.

But “you can’t cut your way to long-term success,” Lyon tells managers and workers. “You can’t really do more with less. And you can’t do it alone. But we can do more with a little bit more. It’s about providing more access to the best care to more people.” 

Management and union representatives in Southern California were at odds when they gathered in March 2015 to settle a UNAC/UHCP grievance over the working conditions of registered nurses in Home Health, Hospice and Palliative Care. 

Because of the dispute’s complexity and scope, involving nurses regionwide, it was moved from the grievance process into issue resolution.

“When they started, it was the Mason-Dixon Line. It was management on one side and labor on the other side,” recalls Marcia Meredith, who works as a neutral facilitator in Southern California. She gets called on when “sticky and contentious” issues come up involving the Labor Management Partnership, which is celebrating its 20th anniversary this year. “It was pretty tense.”

Months later, managers and union representatives were working side by side, forging consensus on key issues. 

Key to their success was the issue resolution (IR) process spelled out as part of the partnership between the Coalition of Kaiser Permanente Unions and Kaiser Permanente. It incorporates interest-based problem solving (IBPS) and consensus decision making (CDM) to provide a framework for settling disagreements collaboratively—providing a modern-day take on Henry J. Kaiser's line, “Problems are only opportunities in work clothes.” 

Bringing order to chaos

They also benefited from the fact that Southern California—after watching people struggle for months and sometimes years without resolving their problems—recently had clarified how the process was to be used and had added a clear path for escalating issues.  

“Issue resolution helps you focus on what the problem is and the possible solutions,” says Meredith.

The nurses and managers eventually agreed to make changes to assignment workflows, improve communication and enhance training opportunities for frontline workers. “They came up with good things that they’re still using,” says Meredith. 

Crafting Southern California's appeals process took months of hard work. Key stakeholders included regional LMP Council members, coalition union leaders and Human Resources administrators.

Before escalation changes took effect on Jan. 1, 2015, the issue resolution process had tended to spin out of control. 

‘It was like the Wild West’

“It was like the Wild West. Everybody did their own thing,” recalls Ilda Luna, an SEIU-UHW service representative for Glendale Medical Offices in Southern California. 

Alex Espinoza, the Coalition of Kaiser Permanente Union’s national coordinator for Southern California, agrees.

“People would email whomever they thought would resolve the issue,” he says, citing examples of individuals who leapfrogged layers of union and management intervention to appeal directly to leaders at the national level.

During national bargaining in 2015, Southern California representatives shared the region’s appeals process, and the subgroup working on the issue recommended a similar process be created in every region.

The approach calls for resolving issues at the lowest possible level. For stubborn disagreements, there is now a standardized process for escalation the aggrieved parties can turn to, with 30-day deadlines for resolution at every step of the way.

In Southern California, for issues that can’t be resolved at the facility level, a nine-member regional SWAT team made up of management and union representatives serves as a court of last resort before the matter heads to national leaders. 

But since the process was adopted two years ago and local LMP Councils and union leaders were educated about how to use it, no issue has been referred to the regional team. 

That’s good news, says Maryanne Malzone Miller, senior director of Human Resources in Southern California and a SWAT team member. 

“I like to believe we’re pushing it to the level where it should be resolved,” Miller says. 

“It’s a success,” agrees Espinoza, also a SWAT team member. “Folks are engaged and are talking to each other.”

Patient transportation workers at Sunnyside Medical Center in Portland were in a tough spot: No matter how hard they scrambled, they were constantly running late to pick up patients. 

Some of the challenges were clear. The transport workers, members of SEIU Local 49, are qualified to backfill certified nursing assistant positions—and short-staffed nursing units were calling on them to do just that. 

In addition, a new computer-based dispatch system had automated patient transfer requests but required fewer dispatchers. The resulting staff upheaval, along with rumors about changes to their certification requirements, threw the unit-based team into turmoil. 

Delays and frustration

Amid frustration and mounting delays—the team was only infrequently meeting its goal of getting to the patient within 15 minutes—improvement advisor Lolita Burnette worked with the team to resolve its issues. To better understand its challenges, she created a process map of the team’s workflow. That turned up a variety of obstacles that were thwarting efforts to improve times. 

“Shadowing the team was an eye-opener. We discovered issues that were immediately actionable,” says Burnette. Because of the complexity of the situation, team members called for an issue resolution to identify solutions.

“My staff are really concerned about their patients. They had valid concerns about what was hindering our on-time performance,” says Marta Witsoe, the team’s management co-lead.

The issue resolution took place from July to September last year and helped further identify issues that were impacting on-time performance, as well as showing how delays affected imaging appointments and patient satisfaction.

As it tracked the source of delays, the team discovered that often, the patient was not ready to be moved when transporters arrived. The patient might need a different gown for imaging, or needed to take medications before being moved. Making matters worse, nurses and other staff members had gotten accustomed to transport arriving late and often put in orders ahead of time. But if the transport person arrived on time, the resulting delay had a domino effect, making it more difficult to be on time for subsequent transport requests.

New equipment, new hires

As a result of the issue resolution, the team is partnering with other units to become more efficient. Several improvements are being worked on simultaneously to increase productivity and overall satisfaction—and the team is confident the changes will lead to improved metrics. 

In perhaps the most significant change, hospital leadership agreed to hire additional transport staff. The new positions are dedicated to support the Emergency Department, a frequent source of patient transfer requests.

“With time and commitment,” says Esther Logan, the team’s union co-lead, “we agreed upon issues that needed to be addressed within the department.”

Olivia Devers, a labor partner with SEIU Local 49, added, “This IR process was the most positive that I have witnessed in many years—the team and management worked in true partnership from start to finish.”

Henry J. Kaiser, Kaiser Permanente’s co-founder, famously told fellow industrialist Warren Bechtel, “Problems are only opportunities in work clothes.”

If you work with unit-based teams—as a co-lead, consultant or sponsor—you might be rolling your eyes right now and thinking, “Well, if that’s true, I sure have a lot of ‘opportunities.’ Grrr!” 

When a team has problems, it’s difficult—if not impossible—to boldly improve service and quality for our health plan members. Especially if problems linger and fester, eroding trust and goodwill. These can depress morale and even endanger patients. 

Lucky for us, the leaders of Kaiser Permanente and the Coalition of Kaiser Permanente Unions had the moral imagination more than two decades ago to envision a better way to solve problems. Together, they formed what would become our Labor Management Partnership.

As we celebrate our partnership’s 20th anniversary this year, we can look back and see how we have built the tools, structures and culture that support this alternative vision of how workers and employers can interact.

One of those tools is issue resolution. As you will see in the stories that follow, this process bypasses more traditional forms of problem solving in favor of going deeper to really uncover the source of the difficulty. By doing that, union members, managers and physicians not only can preserve their working relationships, but also make them stronger. This, in turn, fosters innovation and improvement. 

Now that sounds like a great opportunity.